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Openings
1♣!STR ART, 16+
1♦!NF, 11–15, 0+♦
1♥10–15, 5+♥
1♠10–15, 5+♠
1NT14–16, 2–5♠, 2–5♥, 2–6♦, 2–6♣
2♣11–15, 6+♣
2♦!PRE, 3–9, 6+♠♥
2♥!PRE, 3–9, 4–5♠, 4–5♥
2♠!PRE, 3–9, 5=♠, 4+♦♣
2NT!UNT, 3–9, 5+♦, 5+♣
3XPRE, 7+#
3NT!Gambling, SOL 7+♦♣, 0–1 outside A/K
4♣!PRE, S-SOL 8+♠♥, 0–1 outside A/K
4♦!PRE, SOL 8+♠♥, no outside A/K
4MPRE, 8+#
4NT!UNT, 6+♦, 6+♣

The notrump ladder

  • 11–13: 1♦
  • 14–16: 1NT
  • 17–19: 1♣ - 1♦ - 1NT
  • 20–23: 1♣ - 1♦ - 1♥ - 1♠ - 1NT
  • 24+: 1♣ - 1♦ - 1♥ - 1♠ - 2NT