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Openings

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1!STR ART, 16+
1!NF, 11–15, 0+
111–15, 5+
111–15, 5+
1NT13–15, 2–5, 2–5, 2–6, 2–6
211–15, 6+
2!PRE, 4–10, 6+
2!PRE, 4–10, 4–5, 4–5
2!PRE, 4–10, 5=, 4+
2NT!UNT, 4–10, 5+, 5+
3XPRE, 7+#
3NT!Gambling, SOL 7+, 0–1 outside A/K
4!PRE, S-SOL 8+, 0–1 outside A/K
4!PRE, SOL 8+, no outside A/K
4MPRE, 8+#
4NT!UNT, 6+, 6+

The notrump ladder

  • 11–12: 1
  • 13–15: 1NT
  • 16–18: 1-1-1NT
  • 19–21: 1-1-1
  • 22–24: 1-1-2NT
  • FG: 1-1-1