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Openings
1♣!STR ART, 16+
1♦!NF, 10–15, 0+♦
1♥10–15, 5+♥
1♠10–15, 5+♠
1NT13–15, 2–5♠, 2–5♥, 2–6♦, 2–6♣
2♣10–15, 6+♣
2♦!PRE, 3–9, 6+♠♥
2♥!PRE, 3–9, 4–5♠, 4–5♥
2♠!PRE, 3–9, 5=♠, 4+♦♣
2NT!UNT, 3–9, 5+♦, 5+♣
3XPRE, 7+#
3NT!Gambling, SOL 7+♦♣, 0–1 outside A/K
4♣!PRE, S-SOL 8+♠♥, 0–1 outside A/K
4♦!PRE, SOL 8+♠♥, no outside A/K
4MPRE, 8+#
4NT!UNT, 6+♦, 6+♣

The notrump ladder

  • 11–12: 1♦♥♠
  • 13–15: 1NT
  • 16–18: 1♣ - 1♦ - 1NT
  • 19–21: 1♣ - 1♦ - 1♥
  • 22–24: 1♣ - 1♦ - 2NT
  • Game-forcing: 1♣ - 1♦ - 1♥